Vitamin D is a nutrient that helps the body use calcium and phosphorus to maintain strong bones. There are few natural dietary sources of vitamin D and in Canada, ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and endogenous synthesis are insufficient to support adequate status throughout the year. Therefore, vitamin D addition to milk and margarine has been mandated in Canada under the Food and Drug Regulations since the 1970s. In 2011, Dietary Reference Intake recommendations for vitamin D were increased and people in Canada could not easily meet the new requirements from food alone. In addition, blood status data showed that the prevalence of inadequacy was 19% among people 3 to 79 years of age. To address this, Health Canada developed a vitamin D fortification strategy. The strategy’s objective was to increase vitamin D in the food supply to promote adequate bone health without creating a risk of excessive intakes. Dietary intake modelling was conducted to evaluate if increasing or allowing vitamin D in certain foods would help the population meet the 2011 intake recommendations. Health Canada consulted on its proposed strategy with vitamin D experts, health stakeholders, industry and the public through a variety of engagement activities. The first step of the strategy involved increasing vitamin D content in milk, margarine and fortified plant-based beverages since these foods are the largest contributors to vitamin D intakes collectively. The strategy’s implementation began in 2022 with the publication of regulations that doubled the required amounts of vitamin D in milk and margarine. Health Canada then increased the amount of vitamin D in fortified plant-based beverages to match the new required level in milk. The second step of the strategy is to allow addition of vitamin D to yogurt and kefir. These vehicles were selected since the prevalence of their consumption is increasing and they contain calcium, which also supports bone health. In 2024, Health Canada plans to publish regulations to permit vitamin D addition to yogurt and kefir. Health Canada will aim to assess the effectiveness of its vitamin D fortification strategy through the ongoing monitoring of intakes and blood status.